Bone health in modern poultry production has become increasingly critical as genetic selection for rapid growth and high egg production places tremendous skeletal demands on both broilers and laying hens. While selenium’s role in antioxidant defense and immunity has long been recognised, emerging research highlights its equally important function in maintaining bone integrity, a finding that could reshape our approach to supplementing key trace minerals.

Monika Leukert & the Poultry Application Team Product Manager for Antioxidative Solutions and Yeast Derivatives

The Selenium-Bone Connection

Selenium (Se) operates through selenoproteins, which serve as the exclusive delivery mechanism for this trace element within bone tissue. These specialised proteins are essential for osteochondroprogenitor activity, one of the key cellular processes responsible for bone formation. When birds experience selenium deficiency, it leads to reduced bone mineral density, decreased bone volume, and compromised structural integrity.

The mechanism is fascinating: reactive oxygen species (ROS) naturally cause the death of bone-building cells (osteoblasts) and at the same time increase the activity of bone-resorbing cells (osteoclasts). This leads to the destruction of bone tissues. Se-dependent enzymes, particularly glutathione peroxidase, neutralise these damaging ROS molecules, creating a healthier environment for bone growth and maintenance.

Organic vs. Inorganic: Quality Matters

Not all Se sources deliver equal results. Recent comparative studies demonstrate that high-quality Se-enriched yeast (commercially known as ALKOSEL) significantly outperforms traditional sodium Se supplementation. Research trials with broiler chickens showed that organic Se delivered 24% more Se to leg bones (tibia) compared to inorganic selenium sources.

The superior performance stems from the organic form’s composition: over 63% selenomethionine content, with an additional 37% represented by selenocysteine and other organic Se compounds. This composition supports efficient utilisation of Se within metabolic processes and functional protein incorporation.

Bones and Eggshells That Don’t Crack Under Pressure

The benefits translate directly to production parameters of both growing and adult birds. Broilers receiving organic Se supplementation showed 20% higher tibia resistance, while laying hens demonstrated 43% improvement in bone (tibia) strength. These broiler birds also exhibited 6% higher ash content and 7% increases in both calcium and phosphorus deposition within bone tissue.

Most importantly, egg shell resistance improved by 4% in laying hens receiving organic Se, a finding with significant benefits for reduced cracked eggs and improved hatchability.